Basswood

Basswood (Tilia americana L.) is commonly 18 to 23 meters (60 to 75 feet) in height and 60 to 85 centimeters (24 to 34 inches) in diameter, but it can reach a height of over 30 meters (100 feet) and 120 centimeters (48 inches) in diameter. In the forest, basswood trunks typically are straight and clear of branches for much of its height. The narrow, oblong or pyramidal crown is composed of many small slender branches. The leaves are alternate, simple, heart shaped with coarse teeth that are 12 to 15 centimeters (5 to 6 inches) long. Basswood produces yellow flowers in July that are 1 to 1½ centimeters (½ inch) long and borne in clusters attached to the leaf. In October, a pale brown nut-like berry fruit is shed. Basswood trees prefer a deep loam soil on low slopes and streambanks. Basswood usually grows in the company of other hardwoods. Basswood never forms pure stands.

Since basswood trees are shade tolerant, they should be managed by ‘selective harvesting’. Basswood usually grows in clumps. Individual trees should be harvested rather than full clumps. Basswood provides habitat and food for many bird species, therefore it is important to maintain a number of cavity trees in you woodlot.

Basswood is one of the softest and lightest of the Canadian hardwoods. It is very easy to work with and is highly valued for hand-carving, modelling and interior trim. It has good gluing characteristics. Its lack of taste and odour makes it valuable for food containers. Basswood has been used for specialty products such as piano keys and Venetian blinds.